Navigating Trauma Responses: Understanding the Four F’s of Trauma - Fight, Flight, Freeze, Fawn

In the realm of our psyche, trauma triggers an orchestra of responses, unveiling a range of survival behaviors we inherently adopt when faced with perceived threats. These automatic reactions - the Four F’s - are intrinsic, revealing themselves in moments of distress, pushing us into a realm of defense mechanisms.

The Neurobiological Unveiling: Our bodies, intricately wired to respond to danger, unleash a cascade of protective measures through the sympathetic nervous system. Initially designed for short-term survival, these mechanisms inundate our system with chemicals, creating a defensive shield. Yet, when these responses persist, our system gets overwhelmed, and we become trapped in survival mode, with our sympathetic nervous system taking the reins.

The Continuum of Trauma: Trauma, however, isn't just confined to monumental life events. It permeates a spectrum, where even seemingly minor incidents, such as a heart-wrenching breakup or a chronically toxic work environment, can inflict trauma. It's subjective and personal, living in the shadows of our stressors, often remaining unprocessed and lurking within us, impacting our physical, emotional, and spiritual realms.

1. The Fight Response: Healthy assertiveness and boundaries morph into reactive conflict, a fear-based defense mechanism unleashing anger and aggression. Physical fights, aggression, or a firm jaw are telltale signs, but they come at the cost of severed connections and alienation.

2. The Flight Response: Avoidant behavior takes center stage, compelling us to distance ourselves entirely from distressing emotions. However, escaping into busyness or avoidance deepens the emotional void within us, requiring grounding exercises to reconnect with ourselves.

3. The Freeze Response: A mechanism designed for careful assessment transforms into freezing - a state of emotional numbness, detachment, or dissociation. Grounding techniques and conscious effort help snap out of this mental paralysis.

4. The Fawn Response: At the core of fawning lies the desire to appease, often at the expense of our own identity. People-pleasing and subsuming our needs for others' approval can lead to losing oneself. Identifying and setting boundaries is the first step toward reclaiming our individuality.

A Hybrid of Responses: Our reactions often intermingle, forming hybrids like fight/fawn or flight/freeze, shaped by our environments and the perceived consequences of our behaviors. These hybrids reveal the fluidity and complexity of our trauma responses.

The Journey to Healing: Acknowledging and discussing our trauma responses with empathetic listeners helps unravel these patterns. Embracing self-soothing techniques like journaling and seeking trauma-informed therapies pave the way for healing. Embodying healing through practices like yoga aids in feeling safe within our bodies.

In this process, be gentle with yourself; change takes time. Cultivating compassion, acceptance, and patience in our healing journey is key. Remember, you're on a path toward reclaiming your wellbeing, one step at a time.

Ultimately, recognizing these responses is the first stride towards transformative healing. At South Tampa Therapy, we offer holistic support and a safe space for your healing journey, empowering you to reclaim your narrative and foster resilience.

Book a session with Elizabeth Mahaney, LMHC, MFT, LPC, LCPC, CCTP, NCC, DCC, Ph.D, Gottman & EFT Couples Counselor, NVC Compassionate Communication Specialist, and Trauma Informed Therapist!

https://SouthTampaTherapyBOOKAPPT.as.me/initialintake

Understanding Why Some People Subconsciously Choose Partners Resembling Their Parents

Discover the reasons behind subconscious partner choices resembling primary caregivers. Learn how early experiences influence romantic relationships and identify potential red flags.

Introduction:

When it comes to choosing a life partner, most people rely on a checklist of desirable qualities. However, relationships built on shared values and intimacy tend to be more stable and secure. This article explores the intriguing phenomenon of individuals subconsciously selecting partners who resemble their primary caregivers, often resulting from unresolved attachment trauma. Recognizing these patterns can lead to healthier, more fulfilling relationships.

Key Points:

1. Shared Intimacy and Interdependence in Relationships:

Partnerships rooted in shared intimacy and interdependence foster stability and security, leading to a healthier union.

2. Unresolved Attachment Trauma Influencing Partner Choice:

Unconscious attachment trauma from early life experiences can shape one's selection of a romantic partner, potentially leading to dissatisfaction and communication challenges.

Identifying Red Flags:

Spotting signs that a romantic relationship may be influenced by unresolved core wounds or childhood conditioning is crucial. These include mirroring dynamics learned from primary caregivers, superficial conversations, and a choice of partner echoing past emotional wounds.

Three Common Reasons for Subconsciously Choosing a Parental Resemblance:

1. Fear of Growth and Change:

Some individuals may opt for partners who resist emotional growth, favoring familiarity over personal development. This reluctance to evolve can hinder progress in the relationship.

2. Compulsion to Repeat Patterns:

Choosing a partner resembling an abandoning or neglectful parent may stem from a subconscious desire for closure or rescue. This behavior pattern, while familiar, can lead to self-sabotage.

3. Validation of Learned Scripts and Beliefs:

Selecting a partner with dysfunctional traits similar to those learned in childhood may provide a sense of predictability, even if it perpetuates a cycle of dysfunction. This familiarity can be mistaken for comfort.

Conclusion:

While not everyone consciously "marries their parent," our early experiences profoundly influence our romantic choices. Recognizing these patterns and seeking professional guidance can lead to healthier, more fulfilling relationships. If your formative years were marked by abandonment or neglect, consulting a trained clinician can offer invaluable support in your emotional journey.

Book an appointment with Dr. Elizabeth Mahaney to find out more about how to disrupt these subconscious patterns:

https://SouthTampaTherapyBOOKAPPT.as.me/initialintake

How Psychotherapy Retrains the Brain to Expect (and Feel) Better!

People enter psychotherapy with the desire to feel better, but they are often unsure how therapy will help them accomplish this goal. A common refrain from people hesitant to enter therapy is, “How is talking going to help?” People are used to talking to other people to get practical solutions to problems, and while problem-solving does have a place in therapy, change also occurs on a much deeper and unconscious level. This process has to do with the way the human brain is programmed and cannot easily be mimicked outside of a relationship with a psychotherapist.

Our brains are always evolving unconsciously through our relationships. People who experienced painful relationships growing up have been trained to expect hurtful experiences with others. It takes a new type of relationship—in particular, a therapeutic relationship—to retrain the brain to expect more positive experiences, which is a big part of ultimately feeling better. 

WHY CAN’T A THERAPIST JUST TELL ME WHAT TO DO?

To understand why the therapeutic relationship can be so valuable and cannot be mimicked by, for example, advice in a self-help book, it is instructive to look at how the human brain has evolved. Broadly, there are three parts of the human brain that represent different phases of evolution: There is the reptilian brain, which evolved first and is responsible for the automatic control of vital bodily functions such as breathing; the limbic brain, which evolved second and is responsible for the regulation of emotion and behavior; and the neocortex, which evolved last and is responsible for higher-order functions such as symbolic thought, language, and reasoning.

When a person asks their therapist or a friend what they should do about something, they are essentially asking for a neocorticol solution—something that is rational and can be consciously implemented. Often, however, their problems are a result of hurtful experiences in their earlier relationships that have caused changes in their limbic brain, and only a new type of relationship can alter their limbic brain to produce fewer negative emotions and more positive ones.

BRAIN WIRING IN OUR YOUTH: HOW EMOTIONAL ISSUES BEGIN

Our emotions are meant to help us survive in a world in which we need the help of others. Over time, our limbic brains evolved to automatically create emotions, such as anger and sadness, that are meant to help us navigate the social world. When someone mistreats us, evolution has programmed us to become angry to try and change their behavior. When someone rejects us, we feel sad so we can mourn the loss of what we wanted with them and move forward with our lives.

However, when we are young and particularly dependent on others for survival, whether our emotions actually help us navigate the world has a lot to do with how other people—our parents in particular—respond to them. A child who responds to unfair or disappointing experiences with anger and is further punished for doing so may, over time, come to unconsciously pair the expression of anger with pain. As this occurs, rather than directly experiencing anger at times of unfair treatment or disappointment, they may instead experience anxiety about having anger because their brain has been trained by their social environment to expect that anger will hurt rather than help. Their limbic system is in effect attempting to prevent further emotional pain in the form of being punished, but the cost is another type of emotional pain in the form of persistent anxiety. This can be particularly problematic when people enter into new relationships (friendships, romantic relationships) where there would not be the same costs associated with the open expression of an emotion like anger, but earlier experiences still create anxiety and inhibit its expression.

RETRAINING THE BRAIN WITH PSYCHOTHERAPY

A psychotherapy relationship allows a person to essentially retrain their limbic system to no longer expect negative reactions to the expression of certain emotional experiences, and in doing so can alleviate the anxiety and unconscious emotional suppression their earlier experiences programmed into them. The therapeutic relationship does this in part because the parameters of psychotherapy recreate the type of relationship in which a person was first forced to suppress their emotions: one where they are dependent on another person to meet their needs.

A successful course of therapy helps restore a person’s emotional flexibility and empowerment so they can have greater agency in their relationships.

Just as a parent has a daunting task in meeting all of a child’s needs, so too does a psychotherapist, especially since many people arrive to therapy wanting a conscious, rational solution to their problems when such a solution often does not exist. Therapy presents a unique opportunity to heal and feel better by the way the therapist solicits and responds to feelings such as disappointment, anger, and sadness that emerge over the course of treatment. Rather than punishing a person for having these emotional experiences in the same way that may have occurred when they were younger, a therapist can actively solicit, explore, and normalize their feelings. This helps to retrain a person’s limbic system to no longer pair the expression of those emotions with punishment. As this de-coupling unconsciously occurs, the person becomes more easily able to tolerate the experience and expression of emotions.

THRIVING IN ADULTHOOD

This shift in tolerance for emotions naturally causes a person’s anxiety level to diminish because their mind is no longer fighting to ward off their innate emotional impulses. In addition to symptom relief, the beautiful part of this process is it restores a person’s ability to constructively access their emotions for their original purpose—as a way of helping to navigate the social world. It is hard to thrive in relationships when we have been programmed to believe we must accept the mistreatment of others or that we cannot show others when we are hurting and in need of care. As adults, this is often no longer the case, but our early experiences may make such underlying beliefs unconsciously feel true.

A successful course of therapy helps restore a person’s emotional flexibility and empowerment so they can have greater agency in their relationships. The result can be genuinely transformative, and studies suggest people who have been through therapy show less activity in the areas of the brain responsible for creating negative emotions. Talking, it turns out, can help quite a bit when the person you are talking to is a skilled and compassionate therapist.

If you’re struggling, reach out to a therapist in your area for help.

References:

1. Bowlby, J. (2005). A secure base: Clinical applications of attachment theory (Vol. 393). UK: Taylor & Francis.

2. Cozolino, L. (2010). The neuroscience of psychotherapy: Healing the social brain. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company.

3. Damasio, A. R. (2006). Descartes’ error. New York, NY: Random House.

4. Grecucci, A., Theuninck, A., Frederickson, J., & Job, R. (2015). Mechanisms of social emotion regulation: From neuroscience to psychotherapy. In Emotion regulation: Processes, cognitive effects and social consequences, pp.57-84.

5. Karlsson, H. (2011). How psychotherapy changes the brain: Understanding the mechanisms. Psychiatric Times, 21.

6. Lewis, T., Amini, F., & Lannon, R. (2007). A general theory of love. New York, NY: Vintage.

7. MacLean, P. D. (1990). The triune brain in evolution: Role in paleocerebral functions. Berlin: Springer Science & Business Media.