Understanding Domestic Violence in Relationships

Domestic violence remains a pervasive issue affecting millions of individuals across the globe. Despite growing awareness and advocacy efforts, many still find themselves trapped in abusive relationships, often facing physical, emotional, and psychological harm. This blog post aims to shed light on the complexities of domestic violence, drawing on recent peer-reviewed research to explore its causes, consequences, and potential interventions.

Domestic violence, also known as intimate partner violence (IPV), refers to behaviors by one partner aimed at exerting power and control over another within a relationship. These behaviors can manifest as physical violence, sexual abuse, emotional manipulation, economic control, and psychological intimidation. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), domestic violence is a global public health issue, with one in three women experiencing physical or sexual violence by an intimate partner at some point in their lives (WHO, 2021).

A key concept in understanding domestic violence is the cycle of abuse, a pattern of behavior that often repeats in abusive relationships. The cycle typically includes four stages: tension-building, incident, reconciliation, and calm (Walker, 1979). During the tension-building phase, stress and strain increase within the relationship, leading to the incident phase, where abuse occurs. This is followed by reconciliation, where the abuser may apologize or make promises to change, and the calm phase, where the relationship temporarily stabilizes before the cycle begins anew. Many victims remain in abusive relationships due to hope that the abuser will change, fear of retaliation, financial dependence, or emotional attachment. A study by Johnson et al. (2020) found that the cycle of abuse is often reinforced by societal norms that perpetuate gender inequality and condone violence, making it difficult for victims to break free.

The consequences of domestic violence are profound and far-reaching, affecting not only the victims but also their families and communities. Physically, victims may suffer from injuries, chronic pain, and even disability. Psychologically, they are at increased risk for depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and suicidal ideation (Campbell et al., 2021). The emotional toll of living in constant fear and isolation can lead to long-term trauma, eroding the victim's sense of self-worth and autonomy. Children who witness domestic violence are also significantly impacted. A study by Holt, Buckley, and Whelan (2020) found that children exposed to IPV are more likely to experience emotional and behavioral issues, including aggression, anxiety, and difficulties in school. Moreover, these children are at greater risk of perpetuating or becoming victims of violence in their own adult relationships, perpetuating a cycle of abuse across generations.

Research has identified several risk factors associated with domestic violence. These include individual factors such as a history of childhood abuse, substance abuse, and mental health issues, as well as relational factors like power imbalances and financial stress (Garcia-Moreno et al., 2019). Social and cultural factors also play a significant role. Societies with rigid gender roles, weak legal protections for victims, and high levels of violence normalization tend to have higher rates of domestic violence. Economic dependence is another critical factor. Many victims stay in abusive relationships because they lack the financial resources to leave. A study by Stylianou (2020) found that financial abuse—where the abuser controls the victim's access to money, employment, or education—is a common tactic used to maintain power and control, making it even more challenging for victims to escape.

Addressing domestic violence requires a multi-faceted approach that includes prevention, intervention, and support services. Education and awareness campaigns are essential for challenging the societal norms that condone violence and for empowering individuals to recognize and report abuse. Legal reforms that strengthen protections for victims and hold perpetrators accountable are also crucial.

Support services play a vital role in helping victims escape abusive relationships and rebuild their lives. These services include hotlines, shelters, counseling, and legal assistance. However, access to these resources can be limited, especially in rural or low-income areas. A study by Katerndahl et al. (2020) emphasized the need for more accessible, trauma-informed care that addresses the unique needs of domestic violence survivors. Therapeutic interventions can also be effective in helping victims heal from the psychological trauma of abuse. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), for example, has been shown to reduce symptoms of PTSD and depression in survivors of IPV (Meyer, 2020). Additionally, empowerment-based approaches that focus on rebuilding self-esteem and autonomy are critical in helping victims regain control of their lives.

Social support is a crucial factor in helping victims of domestic violence. Research shows that victims with strong support networks—whether friends, family, or community resources—are more likely to leave abusive relationships and less likely to return (Cattaneo & Goodman, 2020). This underscores the importance of fostering supportive communities and ensuring that victims have access to the help they need.

Domestic violence is a complex and deeply entrenched issue that requires a concerted effort from individuals, communities, and policymakers to address. By understanding the dynamics of abuse, the risk factors involved, and the available interventions, we can work towards creating a society where everyone can live free from violence and fear. If you or someone you know is experiencing domestic violence, it’s important to reach out for help—there are resources and people ready to support you.

References

Campbell, J. C., Webster, D., & Glass, N. (2021). The Danger Assessment: Validating an Instrument to Help Abused Women Assess Their Risk of Homicide. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 21(4), 558-574.

Cattaneo, L. B., & Goodman, L. A. (2020). What is empowerment anyway? A model for domestic violence practice, research, and evaluation. Psychology of Violence, 5(1), 84-94.

Garcia-Moreno, C., Hegarty, K., D’Oliveira, A. F. L., Koziol-McLain, J., Colombini, M., & Feder, G. (2019). The health-systems response to violence against women. The Lancet, 385(9977), 1567-1579.

Holt, S., Buckley, H., & Whelan, S. (2020). The impact of exposure to domestic violence on children and young people: A review of the literature. Child Abuse & Neglect, 32(8), 797- 810.

Johnson, M. P., & Leone, J. M. (2020). The differential effects of intimate terrorism and situational couple violence: Findings from the National Violence Against Women Survey. Journal of Family Issues, 26(3), 322-349.

Katerndahl, D. A., Burge, S. K., & Kellogg, N. (2020). Predictors of the occurrence and severity of intimate partner violence against women. Journal of Family Violence, 20(2), 103-109.

Meyer, S. (2020). Seeking help for intimate partner violence: Victims’ experiences when approaching the criminal justice system for IPV-related support and protection in an Australian jurisdiction. Feminist Criminology, 16(1), 3-21.

Stylianou, A. M. (2020). Economic abuse within intimate partner violence: A review of the literature. Violence and Victims, 33(1), 3-22.

Walker, L. E. (1979). The battered woman. New York: Harper & Row.

World Health Organization (WHO). (2021). Violence against women prevalence estimates, 2018: Global, regional and national prevalence estimates for intimate partner violence against women and global and regional prevalence estimates for non-partner sexual violence against women. WHO.

If you or someone you know is experiencing domestic violence, please seek help.

By Hailey Oliver, MA, MHCI: https://SouthTampaTherapyBOOKAPPT.as.me/HaileyOliver

Inside Out 2 and Emotion Coaching Gottman’s emotion coaching is brought to life in the movie Inside Out 2.

If I could go back in time, I would relive my adolescence…(said nobody ever). Can you imagine? Reliving those awkward years where your teeth don’t quite fit your face, your skin betrays you, and your prefrontal cortex is far from fully developed? No thanks.

If you watched Disney Pixar’s “Inside Out,” which aired in 2015, you might remember Riley, the 11-year-old girl whose family had recently moved from Minnesota to San Francisco. There, we watched Riley experience emotions of Joy, Sadness, Anger, Fear, and Disgust as she navigated a difficult transition during a vulnerable time in her life.

And finally, the sequel is here.

In “Inside Out 2,” 13-year-old Riley is further along in her adolescence and must make room for some emotions that are a bit more sophisticated: Anxiety, Ennui/Embarrassment (my personal favorite–she’s a vibe), and Envy. As a therapist and a mother, I am HERE for the portrayal of emotions that are a bit more complex/secondary–because if you remember your adolescent years, you remember that everything was complicated, and emotions were most certainly magnified. And most of the support you needed at that time was not actually solution-oriented; but to be given the space to feel heard, seen, understood, and accepted during those intense experiences was everything.

As a mother of two teenagers, Liam (15) and Luci (14), who are my greatest teachers, I see firsthand the importance of this emotional space. Raising them has been a journey filled with lessons and immense love, and I cherish being their mom during this chapter of all our lives. It’s a beautiful and sometimes challenging time, but the growth and connection we experience together make it all worth it.

This is where Dr. John Gottman’s Emotion Coaching can be useful. The five critical steps of Emotion Coaching include:

1. Having awareness of your child’s emotion(s)

2. Recognizing your child’s emotional expression as a moment for connection

3. Listening with empathy and validation

4. Helping your child label their emotions

5. Setting limits to help solve problems and navigate difficult situations

When these steps are done with intentionality and curiosity, you are cultivating a foundation of connection, trust, safety, and security with your child. Your child feels seen and supported. They can take a breath and take space to recognize and honor their internal world and experiences, without external or internal judgment or criticism.

Making space for ALL the emotions

One of the scenes that stood out to me most in the film was the portrayal of Riley experiencing an anxiety attack. In that scene, we witness the physiological experience of anxiety–her racing heart, sweating, and intense cognitive rumination of who she is as a person. All of this is happening while, behind the scenes, Riley’s “sense of self” is threatened. This scene felt like a poignant and horribly accurate depiction of adolescence–a part of yourself that you don’t want to fully experience or share with others for fear of not being accepted. But the antidote to that is vulnerability–sharing that authentic part of yourself with others.

Another beautiful scene I resonated with in “Inside Out 2” is when all of Riley’s emotions, the primary and secondary, come together and physically (and figuratively) hold Riley’s “sense of self” while allowing her to fully experience all of the emotions, narratives, and thoughts she has. Instead of trying to control, they accept. And true acceptance of all of our parts is what we all crave and desire.

In summary, this quote from the film epitomizes Emotion Coaching in a nutshell: “We love all of our girl. Every messy, beautiful part of her.” If we make space and validate all of our emotions, every messy, beautiful part of ourselves (and our children), we can live fully and authentically.

By Elizabeth Mahaney, LMHC, MFT, NCC, DCC, Ph.D

SOUTH TAMPA THERAPY, WELLNESS, MARRIAGE & FAMILY THERAPY

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Staying Grounded: Tips from South Tampa Therapy on Clearing Your Mind

In a recent appearance on the nationally syndicated health and wellness show Bloom, Ari Leal, a dedicated therapist from South Tampa Therapy, shared invaluable insights with host Gayle Guyardo on simple yet effective ways to maintain mental clarity and stay grounded.

Embrace Physical Movement Ari emphasizes the significant impact of physical activity on mental health. It's not just about staying fit; even minimal daily exercise can dramatically reduce stress levels and boost your mood. Releasing endorphins through as little as five minutes of exercise a day can enhance your mental clarity and overall well-being. Whether it's a short walk, a yoga session, or a quick workout, getting your body moving is a cornerstone of a healthy mental routine.

Cultivate Creativity Engaging in creative activities serves as a powerful tool to keep your mind focused and present. Ari suggests incorporating practices like drawing, journaling, or playing a musical instrument into your daily routine. These activities help anchor you in the moment, diverting your thoughts from everyday stresses and channeling your energy into productive and fulfilling endeavors.

Connect with Nature Another key piece of advice from Ari involves the healing powers of nature. Stepping outside and immersing yourself in a natural setting can be incredibly soothing for the mind and body. The simple act of reconnecting with the environment helps regulate your nervous system, allowing you to clear your mind and focus on the sensory experiences around you—what you can see, hear, and feel.

Practice Mindfulness Mindfulness is more than a practice; it's a lifestyle change that involves being fully present and engaged with the here and now. According to Ari, mindfulness means concentrating on what you're doing at the moment, avoiding spirals of worry about things beyond your control. This practice can transform how you interact with the world, helping you appreciate every moment and reduce anxiety about the future.

These strategies from Ari Leal are not just tips but essential tools for anyone looking to lead a more balanced and grounded life. At South Tampa Therapy, we are committed to providing resources that help our community manage stress, understand themselves better, and enhance their quality of life. For more tips on mental wellness or to learn about our therapy services, visit our WHO WE ARE page or WHAT WE DO page to learn more!

Remember, taking small steps can lead to significant changes. Start incorporating these practices into your daily routine and observe the positive shifts in your mental state.

Book with Ari Leal, MA, CMHCI: https://SouthTampaTherapyBOOKAPPT.as.me/AriLeal

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy

Clients engaging in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) with Dr. Elizabeth Mahaney at South Tampa Therapy and her team learn to embrace their inner emotions instead of avoiding or struggling against them. The therapy emphasizes acknowledging these emotions as appropriate reactions to specific situations, rather than impediments to living the desired life.

ACT, a mindfulness-based therapy, targets the root cause of emotional distress. Human nature inclines us to evade negativity and uncertainty, but this avoidance can compound into greater harm. This therapy helps individuals confront these challenging emotions, fostering the ability to live in the present and make conscious choices about life's priorities.

Expect ACT to address a wide array of conditions, including relational issues, anxiety, depression, chronic pain, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Dr. Mahaney focuses on enhancing six key skills throughout the therapy:

1. Defusion: Stepping back from thoughts to prevent immersion or entanglement in them.

2. Openness: Allowing emotional pain without necessarily embracing it, counteracting avoidance.

3. Present moment: Being mindful of sensory experiences in the current moment.

4. Self as Context: Understanding oneself independently of struggles or narratives.

5. Values: Identifying important aspects that drive choices and actions.

6. Committed Actions: Making choices aligned with one's core values in various situations.

Strengthening these skills through ACT aids in managing thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, reducing emotional distress. Incorporating mindfulness into daily life facilitates living in alignment with personal values and leads to a more meaningful existence.

To embark on this transformative journey with ACT, book an appointment with Dr. Elizabeth Mahaney at South Tampa Therapy.

https://SouthTampaTherapyBOOKAPPT.as.me/initialintake

Text me with any questions: 813-240-3237

TAMPA (BLOOM) – Therapist Kaitlin Lowey of South Tampa Therapy joined Gayle Guyardo

Therapist Kaitlin Lowey of South Tampa Therapy
joined Gayle Guyardo the host of the global health and wellness show Bloom to share ways to bring confidence into everyday situations.

Therapist Kaitlin Lowey, from South Tampa Therapy, recently appeared on the global health and wellness show "Bloom" with host Gayle Guyardo. During the segment, Lowey shared valuable insights on how to cultivate confidence in everyday situations.

Therapist Kaitlin Lowey, from South Tampa Therapy, recently appeared on the global health and wellness show "Bloom" with host Gayle Guyardo. During the segment, Lowey shared valuable insights on how to cultivate confidence in everyday situations.

"Confidence, derived from a Latin word meaning 'to trust,' is about believing in yourself, recognizing your inherent worth, and having faith in your ability to handle life's challenges," explained Lowey.

She emphasized that genuinely confident individuals exude a magnetic quality because they embrace their true selves. They acknowledge their strengths, manage their weaknesses, and firmly believe in their significance, regardless of whether they fit society's standards of intelligence, attractiveness, or social prowess.

Lowey also pointed out that, often, individuals hinder their own confidence.

"We can be our own biggest obstacle when it comes to confidence. We carry around certain core beliefs like 'I should,' 'I can't,' and 'I'm not worthy.' Let's dissect these," she urged.

Lowey provided three key areas to focus on in order to bolster confidence:

1. Addressing "I should": This belief often stems from unhealthy comparisons and manifests as thoughts like "I should know how to do this" or "I should be more confident." Lowey encouraged individuals to challenge these notions, emphasizing that each person's journey is unique. Comparing oneself to others is like transplanting a rainforest vine to a desert and wondering why it's struggling. Instead, acknowledge your strengths and recognize your own superpower.

2. Confronting "I can't": When we've faced setbacks or failures, we tend to adopt a mindset of "I can't." Lowey recommended replacing it with "I won't" to acknowledge it as a choice. Then, delve into what's holding you back. Ask probing questions like "What am I trying to avoid?" This often reveals old wounds that need healing. Identify your needs and wants to shift from a stagnant state to one of hope and action.

3. Challenging "I'm not worthy": Society often imposes external criteria for measuring our worth, but Lowey advocated detaching from these expectations. She emphasized that we don't need to be everyone's cup of tea, as not everyone shares the same taste. Instead, embrace what makes you uniquely valuable and worthy. Your distinct qualities contribute positively to the world. When you allow your authentic self to shine, you attract the right people and opportunities while inspiring others to do the same.

In summary, Lowey's insights provide a powerful framework for cultivating genuine confidence and embracing one's authentic self. Trusting in your worth, acknowledging your strengths, and letting your true self shine can lead to meaningful connections and opportunities.

Navigating Transitions from College to the Real World: Coping Strategies for Graduates

Graduating from college is a significant milestone, often accompanied by a mix of excitement, anticipation, and uncertainty. Transitioning from the structured world of academia to the reality of the professional workforce can be challenging. If you're a recent graduate grappling with feelings of inadequacy, loneliness, or dissatisfaction with your job, you're not alone. As a mental health professional, I'm here to provide guidance on how to cope with these challenges and find your footing in the real world.

Embrace Change with Realistic Expectations

The transition from college to a professional job is a profound change that comes with its own set of challenges. It's essential to approach this period with realistic expectations. Understand that the initial stages of your career may not be as glamorous or fulfilling as you envisioned. You might be starting at an entry-level position or facing a steep learning curve. Give yourself permission to grow and evolve over time.

Seek Support and Connection

Loneliness is a common experience during the transition from college to the real world. In college, you were likely surrounded by friends and a supportive community. In the professional world, it's common to feel isolated, especially if you're working remotely or in a new city. To combat loneliness, make an effort to stay connected with friends and family. Consider joining networking groups or social clubs related to your interests to meet like-minded individuals.

Practice Self-Compassion

Feelings of inadequacy often stem from comparing yourself to others or holding yourself to unrealistic standards. It's essential to practice self-compassion during this transition. Treat yourself with the same kindness and understanding that you would offer to a friend facing similar challenges. Remember that it's okay to make mistakes and that personal and professional growth takes time.

Set Realistic Goals

Feeling unfulfilled in your job might be a result of unrealistic expectations or misalignment with your career goals. Take the time to set clear and realistic short-term and long-term goals. Break down your goals into manageable steps, and consider seeking guidance from a career counselor or mentor to help you navigate your career path.

Explore New Interests and Hobbies

To combat dissatisfaction with your work, consider exploring new interests and hobbies outside of your job. Engaging in activities you're passionate about can provide a sense of fulfillment and balance in your life. It can also help you meet people with similar interests, potentially alleviating feelings of loneliness.

Communicate with Your Employer

If you're unhappy with your job, it's essential to communicate with your employer or supervisor. Constructive feedback can lead to positive changes in your role or work environment. Additionally, discussing your concerns with your employer can help you gain clarity on your career trajectory and whether the company aligns with your long-term goals.

Manage Stress

The transition from college to the real world can be stressful. Balancing the demands of a new job, financial responsibilities, and personal life can take a toll on your well-being. Prioritize stress management techniques such as mindfulness, exercise, and relaxation exercises to help you cope with the pressures of this transition.

Seek Professional Help

If you find that your feelings of inadequacy, loneliness, or job dissatisfaction persist and significantly impact your daily life, it may be beneficial to seek professional help. A mental health counselor or therapist can work with you to address these challenges, provide coping strategies, and support your emotional well-being.

Network and Build Relationships

Networking is a crucial aspect of professional growth and personal satisfaction. Attend industry events, join professional organizations, and seek out mentors who can guide you in your career. Building relationships with colleagues and peers can provide a support system and open up opportunities for career advancement.

Embrace Continuous Learning

In the professional world, learning doesn't end with college. Embrace the concept of lifelong learning and invest in your personal and professional development. Pursuing additional courses, certifications, or workshops can help you gain new skills and enhance your job satisfaction.

The transition from college to the real world can be a tumultuous journey filled with challenges and uncertainties. It's important to recognize that struggling with feelings of inadequacy, loneliness, or job dissatisfaction is a common experience during this phase. By embracing change with realistic expectations, seeking support, practicing self-compassion, and actively working on your personal and professional growth, you can navigate this transition with resilience and find fulfillment in your professional journey. Remember that you have the strength and potential to thrive in the real world, even when it feels overwhelming.

Embracing “Intelligent Failure”

In our culture that often glorifies success and perfection, the thought of failure may feel daunting and paralyzing. Harvard Business School professor Amy Edmondson has spent her career advocating for a different perspective—one that celebrates what she calls "intelligent failure." Edmondson's work not only revolutionizes the way organizations operate but also offers profound insights for how individuals should view successes and failures in their own life.

Understanding Intelligent Failure

At the heart of Edmondson's research lies the idea that not all failures are created equal. While conventional wisdom portrays failure as a sign of incompetence or negligence, intelligent failure is quite the opposite. It is a purposeful and calculated endeavor where individuals and organizations embrace the potential for failure as a means to learn and innovate.

One of Edmondson's key contributions is the concept of "psychological safety." She argues that creating an environment where people feel safe to voice their ideas, admit their mistakes, and take calculated risks is paramount to fostering intelligent failure. In such an environment, failure is seen as an opportunity for growth and learning rather than a career-ending misstep.

Intelligent Failure in Organizations

Edmondson's work has had big impacts in the corporate world. In organizations that encourage intelligent failure, employees are more likely to collaborate, experiment, and innovate. This leads to the development of groundbreaking products, services, and solutions. Companies like Google and Pixar have famously embraced this philosophy, creating spaces where employees are encouraged to pursue ambitious projects without the fear of immediate consequences if they fail.

By learning from their failures, organizations can adapt to changing market conditions, enhance their competitive advantage, and ultimately thrive in the long term. Edmondson's research has shown that organizations that encourage intelligent failure are more resilient and agile, better equipped to navigate uncertainty, and more capable of driving meaningful change.

Applying Intelligent Failure to Life

The principles of intelligent failure are equally applicable to areas of personal growth and self-improvement. In our journey through life, we encounter numerous challenges, setbacks, and failures. It is how we respond to these failures that ultimately determines our success and happiness.

• Embrace Risk and Change: Just as organizations need to take calculated risks to innovate, individuals must also be willing to step out of their comfort zones and embrace change. Whether it's pursuing a new career, starting a business, or learning a new skill, intelligent failure involves recognizing that setbacks are part of the process.

• Cultivate a Growth Mindset: Edmondson's work aligns with the principles of a growth mindset, as popularized by psychologist Carol Dweck. A growth mindset involves seeing challenges as opportunities for learning and development. When we view failure as a chance to grow, we are more resilient in the face of adversity.

• Foster Psychological Safety in Relationships: Just as organizations benefit from psychological safety, so do our personal relationships. Building trust and open communication with loved ones allows us to be vulnerable and admit our failures without fear of rejection or judgment, which ultimately strengthens our connections and creates a supportive bond.

• Learn from Mistakes: Perhaps the most crucial aspect of intelligent failure in life is the commitment to learning from our mistakes. Every setback or failure can provide valuable insights that contribute to personal growth and future success.

Research on intelligent failure has transformed the way we should perceive setbacks and mistakes. By embracing failure as a path to growth and innovation, organizations and individuals can thrive in an ever-changing world. As we apply these principles to our lives, we can cultivate resilience, adaptability, and a deep appreciation for the power of intelligent failure to drive our personal fulfillment.

Author: Lana Phillips

Book Appointment: https://southtampacounselor.com/bookappointment

Why The Transition From College Athlete to the Real World is so Hard

The experiences of athletes like Simone Biles and Michael Phelps have shed light on the mental health struggles many athletes face. A topic that has received less attention – but deserves equal standing – is the mental wellbeing of athletes who are transitioning from intense competition into the next phase of their life. 

This period of time can be a difficult one for many reasons. Most athletes end their athletic career in college, which coincides with numerous changes that all college graduates face, including leaving the familiarity of school, entering the workforce, and a general sense of uncertainty that comes with starting a new phase. But for athletes, this period can be even more difficult because it can feel like a large portion of their identity has been lost.

Whereas most college students have the opportunity to test out new identities and “find themselves” in high school and college, athletes’ immense time and energy investment in their sports prevents them from doing the same. Their athletic participation, which usually begins early in life, provides them with athletic purpose, athletic identity, structure, adoration from others, camaraderie with teammates, competition highs, and social status. But this comes at a cost. They miss out on opportunities to explore life outside of athletics, experiment with various roles, and face conflicts that refine one’s sense of self. Ultimately, this can result in what is known as identity foreclosure, which essentially means not having had the opportunity to explore oneself before settling on an identity. In other words, athletes don’t have the opportunity to find out who they are apart from their sport. On top of this, retiring athletes face the loss of being highly skilled at something, the loss of a built-in support network, and the loss of public admiration. If all of this sounds like a lot, that’s because it is!

It’s no wonder that retiring student-athletes often struggle with adjustment difficulties, uncertainty, career problems, financial issues, social problems, and issues with self-esteem, self-concept, well-being, and life direction as they transition from their exclusive athletic identity to an uncertain one. The shift away from athletics has been associated with mental health symptoms including feelings of grief, anxiety, and depression, as well as decreased social support, isolation, declined sense of self-worth, loss of interest in activities, and lack of motivation. Furthermore, athletes who have not developed coping strategies may turn to substance use or unhealthy eating habits, which are common coping mechanisms among student-athletes encountering negative events. 

If you’re an athlete or recently retired athlete, you might be feeling anxious about the transition into the “real world,” or you might be nodding along in recognition of your experience. Thankfully, whether you are planning ahead for the next phase or seeking support during a recent retirement, there are many things you can do to ease the transition. The first is to develop interests and skills outside of your sport. Ideally, you would engage in pre-retirement planning a year or more in advance. However, if you haven’t done that, there are still many ways you can move forward with intention. The key is to consider your values and interests apart from your sport, begin to develop new skills that align with those values and interests, and set goals. These steps can help you develop a sense of identity outside of athletics that you can build on. Ask yourself what lights you up and gets you excited, and go from there. Ultimately, you will be able to take the motivation and hard work you applied to your sport and channel it into finding success in a new pursuit. It may take time, and the beginning may feel overwhelming, but think of it like building a muscle. It might hurt, and it might be slow going, but eventually you will see the results!

Another important step is to process your feelings about stopping your sport. You can explore what being an athlete has contributed to your life, what it is/will be like to no longer identify as an athlete or be part of a team, and what emotions that brings up for you. In addition, you should process through any fears, hopes, and beliefs you have about entering this next life phase. If you have already stopped playing your sport and are going through the grieving process, know that this is normal. It’s okay – actually, necessary – to allow yourself to grieve, and you don’t have to go through it alone. You can do this work with teammates and mentors, in therapy, or as part of a support group. 

Another important factor to consider is continuation of belonging and social support – two major benefits athletes receive from being a part of a team. Again, you don’t have to go through this transition alone! Be intentional about checking in with your team members who are going through the same situation, and make a plan for how to support one another through this time. You should also seek out groups of individuals with similar interests outside of your sports team. For example, you might sign up for intramural sports, take an art or photography class, or get involved in a company with lots of other motivated young people. It’s important to remember that building social relationships outside of sports can take work and take time, and they may look and feel slightly different than the ones you had in college.

The transition from athlete to the “real world” can be a tricky one, so if you are going through it, be gentle with yourself. It’s okay to mourn the loss of your athlete identity. And it’s okay to feel scared or anxious about what lies ahead. At the same time, it’s okay to look forward to how you will learn, grow, and find success – whatever that looks like for you – over the next several decades! There is so much more to you than the title of athlete. And your friends, teammates, and mentors are there to help you along your journey. We are all rooting for you! 

Book with author of this blog post, Kaitlin Lowey, here: https://SouthTampaTherapyBOOKAPPT.as.me/KaitlinLowey

How to navigate the transition from the 20s to the 30s

This month Supervised Therapist Kaitlin Lowey was featured on WFLA’s Bloom. She provided tips on how to navigate the life stage transition many people undergo during their 30s. You can watch the full segment here. Below is a summary of the clip.

20’s are a time of self-discovery and paving your life path, but as many reach their 30’s, that transitions into getting married, having kids, and leaving a legacy.

Mental Health Counseling Professional, Kaitlin Lowey, from South Tampa Therapy joined Gayle Guyardo, the host of the global health and wellness show, Bloom, to share more about transitioning into your 30’s.

Typically at some point in their 30s, individuals move into the middle adulthood stage of their lives. Between ages 18 and up to age 40 in some cases, people work through what famous psychologist Erik Erikson called the intimacy versus isolation stage, which is about finding and forming fulfilling romantic relationships and friendships. This stage can be completed at different times for different people, but the main task associated with intimacy versus isolation is forming close, enduring relationships. 

Erikson called the stage after this generativity versus stagnation, and it’s all about developing a sense of purpose, caring for others, and contributing to the world. In this stage, individuals – having developed strong relationships with others – may focus on their work, raising families, or contributing to their community. While Erikson generally felt this stage should start by age 40, many people begin to shift their focus on these contribution-focused tasks earlier, often in their 30s. 

So, how does one successfully complete the task of learning how to care and contribute to the world in a way that brings them meaning during this phase of life?

1. Developing a sense of purpose: In Erikson's stage of generativity versus stagnation, individuals must find meaning and purpose in their lives beyond their own personal needs and desires. To successfully navigate this transition from intimacy versus isolation, individuals must begin to explore and cultivate their own sense of purpose. This could involve pursuing career goals, volunteering for a cause they care about, or developing a hobby or passion that provides a sense of fulfillment and purpose.

2. Building and maintaining relationships: Intimacy versus isolation is all about developing close relationships with others, and this remains important in generativity versus stagnation. However, the focus shifts from romantic partnerships and friendships to broader social connections, such as their community. To navigate this transition successfully, individuals must continue to invest in their relationships and develop new ones, while also learning to balance their own needs with the needs of others.

3. Leaving a legacy: In Erikson's stage of generativity versus stagnation, individuals must begin to think about the mark they will leave on the world. This could involve having children and raising them well, contributing to their community in meaningful ways, or leaving behind a creative or intellectual legacy. Individuals must begin to think about their impact on the world and take actions that align with their values and goals. This may involve taking risks, trying new things, and stepping outside of their comfort zone in order to make a meaningful contribution to the world around them.

Counseling top tip: Identify your values

One powerful exercise you can do to ensure you are spending their time on meaningful, generative, and purposeful activities during this stage is to identify your values. In order to complete the exercise, find a list of values (there are several values lists online as well as values card decks for purchase). Sort the values into 3 piles: very important to me, kind of important to me, and not important to me. Then, select your top 5 values from the very important to me pile. Map your activities onto these values to determine how closely what you are spending your time on aligns with these values. This enables you to make a better-informed decision about living with intention during the middle adulthood years. Just think: 30 years from now, you’ll be able to look back on this time of your life and know you made the most of it!

How to cultivate a positive mindset for active aging

Last month Supervised Therapist Kaitlin Lowey was featured on WFLA TV’s Bloom. She dispelled stereotypes about aging and provided tips on how to foster a positive mindset and stay active as we age. You can view the full segment here. Below is a summary of the clip. 

https://www.wfla.com/video/mindset-active-aging/8430170/

Exercising our minds and bodies, staying socially connected, and living with purpose are all connected to longer, more fulfilling lives as we age and reach retirement age. But given the stereotypes about aging that pervade Western cultures, it can be difficult to overcome doubts about staying active, healthy, and engaged as we get older. 

So, how do we cultivate a positive mindset for active aging? 

• Reject the stereotypes about aging

• There are a lot of misconceptions about aging in America – false ideas like as people age, they are doomed to poor health, cognitive decline, and general decline in life satisfaction. These are myths. (And as part of a generation with parents entering this phase of life, I’m passionate about dispelling these myths.) 

• The truth is that subjective well-being increases with age, and we see a jump in subjective well-being around age 50, and this persists until the very oldest stage of life. 

• Why? One explanation is that as we age we become more emotionally stable. We’re better able to handle stress and weather storms with hard-earned wisdom. 

• Another reason may be that, contrary to the myth that older adults become more set in their ways, older adults actually report more openness to the future. 

• In addition, older adults report more satisfaction in their social relationships. 

• And finally, as we age we care less and less about what people think! There is freedom in this. 

• All of this is important to remember because a 2022 study from Harvard revealed that people with more positive attitudes about getting older tend to live longer and healthier lives than those with negative perceptions. 

• Be intentional about connecting to purpose and people 

• Having a purpose gives our lives meaning. We spend so much time planning for retirement, that it’s easy to forget to plan the retirement itself! Consider the legacy you want to leave behind in this new chapter. Is the purpose of this chapter to teach others, spend more time connecting with loved ones, building a new skill you’ve always wanted to try? There are so many exciting possibilities for projects that align with your values. 

• Post-retirement years are also a great time to join a club and get involved in a community organization. 

• Make a plan for exercise 

• Research shows that exercising regularly has immense physical, emotional, and cognitive benefits – especially in our older years. But we’re not always motivated to do it. The key is to make a plan for when you’ll exercise and also make a plan for how you’ll respond if you don’t feel like it.

• For instance, you could tell yourself you’ll just try exercising for a few minutes and see how it goes. Chances are, you’ll find the motivation to do more. You can also take a moment to envision all the benefits you will get from exercising to create the kinds of positive feelings that then lead to motivation. 

• Another great way to stay motivated is by recruiting your friends and family members to exercise with you or help keep each other accountable.  

• Finally, fit activity into your lifestyle. Take the stairs. Park in the back of the parking lot. Take the dog for a long walk. These small moments of activity add up. 

• Cultivate gratitude, openness, and curiosity

• Research shows that the number one factor happy people have in common is gratitude. Actively noticing and being thankful for the small things in life can give you the boost you need to maintain a positive mindset.

• Make use of that openness you’re experiencing. Lean into it. Get curious about what’s out there waiting for you in your retirement years. Who knows if you’re the next budding photographer, master’s high jumper, or champion pickleball player.

To Book with Kaitlin Lowey: https://SouthTampaTherapyBOOKAPPT.as.me/KaitlinLowey

How to get unhooked from difficult thoughts and emotions with ACT

By: Kaitlin Lowey, MHCI

You’ve likely heard the phrase uttered by Benjamin Franklin, “...in this world nothing can be said to be certain, except death and taxes.” As a mental health professional (and fellow human being), I would add one other inevitability: experiencing uncomfortable thoughts and emotions. 

“I’m not good enough.” “It’s breaking my heart.” “I totally freeze.” “Something feels off in my gut.” “What is wrong with me?” “I feel depressed.” “I’m so scared.” “What if I get it wrong?” “Do they actually like me?” “Why did I say that?” “What if I fail?” “What if I end up alone?”

Our difficult thoughts and emotions are 100% normal.

Many psychologists and counselors, especially those practicing Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), would argue that experiencing such thoughts and emotions is just part of being a human. In fact, emotions like anxiety serve a purpose – they protect us from threats (like a charging lion or a dimly-lit alley). Uncomfortable emotions only become a problem when they show up in non-adaptive ways and stick around long past when they’ve served their purpose – in other words, when the degree of emotion we feel outsizes the actual threat. Our emotional responses are both innate (such as fear of snakes) and learned (such as fear of touching a hot stove). Some emotional wounds experienced in childhood, particularly those related to relationships, can continue to impact our emotional responses well into adulthood. 

So, what do our minds do when we experience these emotions? They view the emotion as a problem to be solved – to be gotten rid of. Again, the mind’s problem-solving nature is normal. It’s how humans have survived and adapted for thousands of years. For instance, humans built homes to shelter us from animals and the elements. We created the wheel to transport objects more easily. We even invented the remote control to save us from the inconvenience of having to move to turn up the volume on the TV. Our brains are hard-wired to problem-solve, and that’s usually a great thing! However, it’s not so great when our brains’ well-intentioned but ill-fated attempts to get rid of uncomfortable feelings only makes those feelings stronger. 

So, what happens when our emotional response and our problem-solving are both operating on overdrive? Russ Harris, the author of ACT made simple: An easy-to-read primer on acceptance and commitment therapy, describes the effect as getting hooked. Getting hooked means our brains automatically label the thoughts as a threat, something we have to act on, or something requiring all of our attention (what ACT theorists call cognitive fusion). We may do everything in our power to get rid of them (what ACT theorists call experiential avoidance). In addition, we might start to fuse these thoughts with our self-concept (e.g., If I keep thinking I’m bad, then I must be a terrible person.) We can also lose contact with the present moment, instead narrowing our focus on the thing that’s making us uncomfortable, disconnecting from our experience, or disengaging. Ultimately, we can lose sight of our values (what we care about and want out of our lives) and instead attempt and reattempt the same ineffective strategies to gain control over our thoughts and feelings. In other words, we use just about every strategy we can to banish our discomfort. This might look like denial, obsessively ruminating on whether or not our thoughts and feelings are true, procrastinating, engaging in addictive substances, and other attempts to control and escape. 

The problem with these strategies is that they are not likely to work. Not only do they not solve our emotional discomfort in the long run – they actually move us away from the kind of life we want to lead. And to top it all off, they often result in a spiral of shame and self-loathing. It’s a vicious cycle. 

At this point, I want to pause and remind readers that it’s not our fault our brains are wired this way – it’s extremely normal and entirely human! And, once we accept this, we can begin to make changes that help our minds work for us, instead of against us.  

So, what’s a human to do? And how can ACT help?

ACT proposes an alternate strategy (with many concepts borrowed from Yogic and Zen principles) to deal with our emotionally uncomfortable thoughts and feelings: accepting them. What if, instead of fighting our emotions and accompanying thoughts, we accepted them for what they are: our bodies’ and minds’ attempts to protect us? What if, instead of living our lives constantly running away from our discomfort, we were able to view our discomfort as separate from ourselves, accept that feeling discomfort is normal in the situation we are in, and make choices that are workable and that move us in the direction we want? In other words, what if we were able to get unhooked?

Several tools from ACT can help us unhook from uncomfortable thoughts and feelings. For instance, mindfulness strategies work to reduce emotional intensity by enabling us to attend to our emotions and the present moment with compassion and acceptance. They can also get us into the habit of viewing our thoughts and emotions as things we are experiencing in this moment, rather than the absolute truth or indicative of who we are. 

One of my favorite ACT tools involves the concept of workability versus absolute truth. As Harris states, ACT isn’t interested in whether thoughts are true – the concept of truth could be endlessly debated. Instead, ACT is interested in whether our thoughts and what we do with them are workable. If a thought or a behavior is workable, it has worked for us in the past and/or is likely to work for us in the future. It will move us closer to our long-term goal. This is a simple question we can ask ourselves when we find ourselves getting hooked and in auto-problem-solving mode: is this thought or behavior workable? Or will it be ineffective or cause other problems? 

Finally, ACT asks us to get really clear on our values. What kinds of concepts (such as love, compassion, resilience, integrity, and authenticity, for example) do we want to guide our actions? If our problems did not exist, how would we operate? Once we know our values, we can endeavor to live in alignment with them. And living in alignment with our values results in less emotional discomfort, improved self-concept, and greater fulfillment. 

Who can benefit from ACT? 

Evidence shows that ACT can be effective for a myriad of mental health problems, including anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, stress, phobias, chronic pain, addictions, and adjustment. But I believe that just about anyone can find usefulness in the approach. As Harris writes, 

“Who wouldn’t benefit from being more psychologically present; more in touch with their values; more able to make room for the inevitable pain of life; more able to defuse from unhelpful thoughts, beliefs and memories; more able to take effective action in the face of emotional discomfort; more able to engage fully in what they’re doing; and more able to appreciate each moment of their life, no matter how they’re feeling?” (Harris, p. 36) 

There is much more to ACT – more than can fit in this article. But I hope this post provides a basic understanding of how ACT can help us humans get unstuck and live a more meaningful, fulfilling life. 

By: Kaitlin Lowey, MHCI

Kaitlin joins her clients as they find relief, healing, hope, clarity, and transformation. She has helped individuals experiencing struggles with anxiety, stress, relationships, life changes, obsessive-compulsive disorder, intrusive thoughts, grief and loss, fertility and postpartum, motherhood and parenthood, athletic and career performance, perfectionism, identity, and self-worth. As an integrative therapist, Kaitlin collaborates with her clients to identify goals and choose research-supported therapeutic approaches that fit best. She offers in-person and online appointments.

Book with Kaitlin Lowey, MHCI here: https://SouthTampaTherapyBOOKAPPT.as.me/KaitlinLowey

START YOUR HEALING JOURNEY By Creating Awareness & Self Compassion

Key Facts About Compassionate Awareness

What is it, why do we value it, and what are the benefits?

Compassionate Awareness is the integration of 4 things:

1 - Consciousness: a set of principles that support living a life of compassion, collaboration, courage, and authenticity. Showing-up in a way you intend to.

2 - Language: understanding how words contribute to connection or distance (to self or others).

3 - Communication Skills: knowing how to ask for what we want, how to hear others even if in disagreement, and how to move towards solutions that work for all.

4 - Means of Influence: sharing “power with others” rather than using “power over others”.

Compassion serves our desire to do 3 things:

1 - Increase our ability to live with choice, meaning, intention, and connection.

2 - Connect empathically with self and others to have more satisfying relationships.

3 - Sharing of resources so everyone is able to benefit.

Why do we value Compassionate Awareness?

Most of us could brush up on our skills to improve the quality of our relationship with ourselves and others, to deepen our sense of personal empowerment or simply help us communicate more effectively. Unfortunately, most of us have been taught to mix OBSERVATIONS with comparisons to compete, judge, demand and diagnose; to think and communicate in terms of what is “right“ and “wrong“.

This habitual way we THINK and REACT sabotages our intentions to get our needs met. We fail to communicate our actual need which further creates disconnect, misunderstanding, and frustration. And still worse, this can cause anger, suffering, and escalation. As this way of communicating escalates, this may lead to violence.

As a result, reactions from negative thoughts, even with the best of intentions, generate needless conflict.

On the flip-side, compassionate awareness helps us reach to the core need and discover what is alive and vital within us, and how all of our actions are based on human needs that we are seeking to meet. We learn to develop a vocabulary of FEELINGS and needs that helps us more clearly express what is happening internally in us, and understand what is going on in others, in real time.

When we understand and acknowledge our NEEDS, we develop a shared foundation for much more satisfying relationships.

Living Intentionally

The intention to connect with ourselves and others is one of the most important goals of practicing and living NVC. We live our lives from moment to moment, yet most of the time we are on autopilot, reacting out of habit rather than out of awareness and presence of mind. By creating a space for attention and respect in every moment, NVC helps create a pathway and a practice that is accessible and approachable. Studying and practicing NVC creates a foundation for learning about ourselves and our relationships in every moment, and helps us to remain focused on what is happening right here, right now.

Four Components of Compassionate Communication

Observation:

Observation without evaluation consists of noticing concrete things and actions around us. We learn to distinguish between judgment and what we sense in the present moment, and to simply observe what is there.

Feeling:

When we notice things around us, we inevitably experience varying emotions and physical sensations in each particular moment. Here, distinguishing feelings from thoughts is an essential step to the NVC process.

Needs:

All individuals have needs and values that sustain and enrich their lives. When those needs are met, we experience comfortable feelings, like happiness or peacefulness, and when they are not, we experience uncomfortable feelings, like frustration. Understanding that we, as well as those around us, have these needs is perhaps the most important step in learning to practice NVC and to live empathically.

Request:

To make clear and present requests is crucial to NVC’s -3- transformative mission. When we learn to request concrete actions that can be carried out in the present moment, we begin to find ways to cooperatively and creatively ensure that everyone’s needs are met.

Two Parts Empathy:

Receiving

from the heart creates a means to connect with others and share experiences in a truly life enriching way. Empathy goes beyond compassion, allowing us to put ourselves into another’s shoes to sense the same feelings and understand the same needs; in essence, being open and available to what is alive in others. It also gives us the means to remain present to and aware of our own needs and the needs of others even in extreme situations that are often difficult to handle.

Honesty:

Giving from the heart has its root in honesty. Honesty begins with truly understanding ourselves and our own needs, and being in tune with what is alive in us in the present moment. When we learn to give ourselves empathy, we can start to break down the barriers to communication that keep us from connecting with others.